/** * Class for generating SQL clauses that filter a primary query according to date. * * WP_Date_Query is a helper that allows primary query classes, such as WP_Query, to filter * their results by date columns, by generating `WHERE` subclauses to be attached to the * primary SQL query string. * * Attempting to filter by an invalid date value (eg month=13) will generate SQL that will * return no results. In these cases, a _doing_it_wrong() error notice is also thrown. * See WP_Date_Query::validate_date_values(). * * @link https://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/WP_Query Codex page. * * @since 3.7.0 */ class WP_Date_Query { /** * Array of date queries. * * See WP_Date_Query::__construct() for information on date query arguments. * * @since 3.7.0 * @var array */ public $queries = array(); /** * The default relation between top-level queries. Can be either 'AND' or 'OR'. * * @since 3.7.0 * @var string */ public $relation = 'AND'; /** * The column to query against. Can be changed via the query arguments. * * @since 3.7.0 * @var string */ public $column = 'post_date'; /** * The value comparison operator. Can be changed via the query arguments. * * @since 3.7.0 * @var array */ public $compare = '='; /** * Supported time-related parameter keys. * * @since 4.1.0 * @var array */ public $time_keys = array( 'after', 'before', 'year', 'month', 'monthnum', 'week', 'w', 'dayofyear', 'day', 'dayofweek', 'dayofweek_iso', 'hour', 'minute', 'second' ); /** * Constructor. * * Time-related parameters that normally require integer values ('year', 'month', 'week', 'dayofyear', 'day', * 'dayofweek', 'dayofweek_iso', 'hour', 'minute', 'second') accept arrays of integers for some values of * 'compare'. When 'compare' is 'IN' or 'NOT IN', arrays are accepted; when 'compare' is 'BETWEEN' or 'NOT * BETWEEN', arrays of two valid values are required. See individual argument descriptions for accepted values. * * @since 3.7.0 * @since 4.0.0 The $inclusive logic was updated to include all times within the date range. * @since 4.1.0 Introduced 'dayofweek_iso' time type parameter. * * @param array $date_query { * Array of date query clauses. * * @type array { * @type string $column Optional. The column to query against. If undefined, inherits the value of * the `$default_column` parameter. Accepts 'post_date', 'post_date_gmt', * 'post_modified','post_modified_gmt', 'comment_date', 'comment_date_gmt'. * Default 'post_date'. * @type string $compare Optional. The comparison operator. Accepts '=', '!=', '>', '>=', '<', '<=', * 'IN', 'NOT IN', 'BETWEEN', 'NOT BETWEEN'. Default '='. * @type string $relation Optional. The boolean relationship between the date queries. Accepts 'OR' or 'AND'. * Default 'OR'. * @type array { * Optional. An array of first-order clause parameters, or another fully-formed date query. * * @type string|array $before { * Optional. Date to retrieve posts before. Accepts `strtotime()`-compatible string, * or array of 'year', 'month', 'day' values. * * @type string $year The four-digit year. Default empty. Accepts any four-digit year. * @type string $month Optional when passing array.The month of the year. * Default (string:empty)|(array:1). Accepts numbers 1-12. * @type string $day Optional when passing array.The day of the month. * Default (string:empty)|(array:1). Accepts numbers 1-31. * } * @type string|array $after { * Optional. Date to retrieve posts after. Accepts `strtotime()`-compatible string, * or array of 'year', 'month', 'day' values. * * @type string $year The four-digit year. Accepts any four-digit year. Default empty. * @type string $month Optional when passing array. The month of the year. Accepts numbers 1-12. * Default (string:empty)|(array:12). * @type string $day Optional when passing array.The day of the month. Accepts numbers 1-31. * Default (string:empty)|(array:last day of month). * } * @type string $column Optional. Used to add a clause comparing a column other than the * column specified in the top-level `$column` parameter. Accepts * 'post_date', 'post_date_gmt', 'post_modified', 'post_modified_gmt', * 'comment_date', 'comment_date_gmt'. Default is the value of * top-level `$column`. * @type string $compare Optional. The comparison operator. Accepts '=', '!=', '>', '>=', * '<', '<=', 'IN', 'NOT IN', 'BETWEEN', 'NOT BETWEEN'. 'IN', * 'NOT IN', 'BETWEEN', and 'NOT BETWEEN'. Comparisons support * arrays in some time-related parameters. Default '='. * @type bool $inclusive Optional. Include results from dates specified in 'before' or * 'after'. Default false. * @type int|array $year Optional. The four-digit year number. Accepts any four-digit year * or an array of years if `$compare` supports it. Default empty. * @type int|array $month Optional. The two-digit month number. Accepts numbers 1-12 or an * array of valid numbers if `$compare` supports it. Default empty. * @type int|array $week Optional. The week number of the year. Accepts numbers 0-53 or an * array of valid numbers if `$compare` supports it. Default empty. * @type int|array $dayofyear Optional. The day number of the year. Accepts numbers 1-366 or an * array of valid numbers if `$compare` supports it. * @type int|array $day Optional. The day of the month. Accepts numbers 1-31 or an array * of valid numbers if `$compare` supports it. Default empty. * @type int|array $dayofweek Optional. The day number of the week. Accepts numbers 1-7 (1 is * Sunday) or an array of valid numbers if `$compare` supports it. * Default empty. * @type int|array $dayofweek_iso Optional. The day number of the week (ISO). Accepts numbers 1-7 * (1 is Monday) or an array of valid numbers if `$compare` supports it. * Default empty. * @type int|array $hour Optional. The hour of the day. Accepts numbers 0-23 or an array * of valid numbers if `$compare` supports it. Default empty. * @type int|array $minute Optional. The minute of the hour. Accepts numbers 0-60 or an array * of valid numbers if `$compare` supports it. Default empty. * @type int|array $second Optional. The second of the minute. Accepts numbers 0-60 or an * array of valid numbers if `$compare` supports it. Default empty. * } * } * } * @param array $default_column Optional. Default column to query against. Default 'post_date'. * Accepts 'post_date', 'post_date_gmt', 'post_modified', 'post_modified_gmt', * 'comment_date', 'comment_date_gmt'. */ public function __construct( $date_query, $default_column = 'post_date' ) { if ( isset( $date_query['relation'] ) && 'OR' === strtoupper( $date_query['relation'] ) ) { $this->relation = 'OR'; } else { $this->relation = 'AND'; } if ( ! is_array( $date_query ) ) { return; } // Support for passing time-based keys in the top level of the $date_query array. if ( ! isset( $date_query[0] ) && ! empty( $date_query ) ) { $date_query = array( $date_query ); } if ( empty( $date_query ) ) { return; } if ( ! empty( $date_query['column'] ) ) { $date_query['column'] = esc_sql( $date_query['column'] ); } else { $date_query['column'] = esc_sql( $default_column ); } $this->column = $this->validate_column( $this->column ); $this->compare = $this->get_compare( $date_query ); $this->queries = $this->sanitize_query( $date_query ); } /** * Recursive-friendly query sanitizer. * * Ensures that each query-level clause has a 'relation' key, and that * each first-order clause contains all the necessary keys from * `$defaults`. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param array $queries * @param array $parent_query * * @return array Sanitized queries. */ public function sanitize_query( $queries, $parent_query = null ) { $cleaned_query = array(); $defaults = array( 'column' => 'post_date', 'compare' => '=', 'relation' => 'AND', ); // Numeric keys should always have array values. foreach ( $queries as $qkey => $qvalue ) { if ( is_numeric( $qkey ) && ! is_array( $qvalue ) ) { unset( $queries[ $qkey ] ); } } // Each query should have a value for each default key. Inherit from the parent when possible. foreach ( $defaults as $dkey => $dvalue ) { if ( isset( $queries[ $dkey ] ) ) { continue; } if ( isset( $parent_query[ $dkey ] ) ) { $queries[ $dkey ] = $parent_query[ $dkey ]; } else { $queries[ $dkey ] = $dvalue; } } // Validate the dates passed in the query. if ( $this->is_first_order_clause( $queries ) ) { $this->validate_date_values( $queries ); } foreach ( $queries as $key => $q ) { if ( ! is_array( $q ) || in_array( $key, $this->time_keys, true ) ) { // This is a first-order query. Trust the values and sanitize when building SQL. $cleaned_query[ $key ] = $q; } else { // Any array without a time key is another query, so we recurse. $cleaned_query[] = $this->sanitize_query( $q, $queries ); } } return $cleaned_query; } /** * Determine whether this is a first-order clause. * * Checks to see if the current clause has any time-related keys. * If so, it's first-order. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param array $query Query clause. * @return bool True if this is a first-order clause. */ protected function is_first_order_clause( $query ) { $time_keys = array_intersect( $this->time_keys, array_keys( $query ) ); return ! empty( $time_keys ); } /** * Determines and validates what comparison operator to use. * * @since 3.7.0 * * @param array $query A date query or a date subquery. * @return string The comparison operator. */ public function get_compare( $query ) { if ( ! empty( $query['compare'] ) && in_array( $query['compare'], array( '=', '!=', '>', '>=', '<', '<=', 'IN', 'NOT IN', 'BETWEEN', 'NOT BETWEEN' ) ) ) return strtoupper( $query['compare'] ); return $this->compare; } /** * Validates the given date_query values and triggers errors if something is not valid. * * Note that date queries with invalid date ranges are allowed to * continue (though of course no items will be found for impossible dates). * This method only generates debug notices for these cases. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param array $date_query The date_query array. * @return bool True if all values in the query are valid, false if one or more fail. */ public function validate_date_values( $date_query = array() ) { if ( empty( $date_query ) ) { return false; } $valid = true; /* * Validate 'before' and 'after' up front, then let the * validation routine continue to be sure that all invalid * values generate errors too. */ if ( array_key_exists( 'before', $date_query ) && is_array( $date_query['before'] ) ){ $valid = $this->validate_date_values( $date_query['before'] ); } if ( array_key_exists( 'after', $date_query ) && is_array( $date_query['after'] ) ){ $valid = $this->validate_date_values( $date_query['after'] ); } // Array containing all min-max checks. $min_max_checks = array(); // Days per year. if ( array_key_exists( 'year', $date_query ) ) { /* * If a year exists in the date query, we can use it to get the days. * If multiple years are provided (as in a BETWEEN), use the first one. */ if ( is_array( $date_query['year'] ) ) { $_year = reset( $date_query['year'] ); } else { $_year = $date_query['year']; } $max_days_of_year = date( 'z', mktime( 0, 0, 0, 12, 31, $_year ) ) + 1; } else { // otherwise we use the max of 366 (leap-year) $max_days_of_year = 366; } $min_max_checks['dayofyear'] = array( 'min' => 1, 'max' => $max_days_of_year ); // Days per week. $min_max_checks['dayofweek'] = array( 'min' => 1, 'max' => 7 ); // Days per week. $min_max_checks['dayofweek_iso'] = array( 'min' => 1, 'max' => 7 ); // Months per year. $min_max_checks['month'] = array( 'min' => 1, 'max' => 12 ); // Weeks per year. if ( isset( $_year ) ) { /* * If we have a specific year, use it to calculate number of weeks. * Note: the number of weeks in a year is the date in which Dec 28 appears. */ $week_count = date( 'W', mktime( 0, 0, 0, 12, 28, $_year ) ); } else { // Otherwise set the week-count to a maximum of 53. $week_count = 53; } $min_max_checks['week'] = array( 'min' => 1, 'max' => $week_count ); // Days per month. $min_max_checks['day'] = array( 'min' => 1, 'max' => 31 ); // Hours per day. $min_max_checks['hour'] = array( 'min' => 0, 'max' => 23 ); // Minutes per hour. $min_max_checks['minute'] = array( 'min' => 0, 'max' => 59 ); // Seconds per minute. $min_max_checks['second'] = array( 'min' => 0, 'max' => 59 ); // Concatenate and throw a notice for each invalid value. foreach ( $min_max_checks as $key => $check ) { if ( ! array_key_exists( $key, $date_query ) ) { continue; } // Throw a notice for each failing value. foreach ( (array) $date_query[ $key ] as $_value ) { $is_between = $_value >= $check['min'] && $_value <= $check['max']; if ( ! is_numeric( $_value ) || ! $is_between ) { $error = sprintf( /* translators: Date query invalid date message: 1: invalid value, 2: type of value, 3: minimum valid value, 4: maximum valid value */ __( 'Invalid value %1$s for %2$s. Expected value should be between %3$s and %4$s.' ), '' . esc_html( $_value ) . '', '' . esc_html( $key ) . '', '' . esc_html( $check['min'] ) . '', '' . esc_html( $check['max'] ) . '' ); _doing_it_wrong( __CLASS__, $error, '4.1.0' ); $valid = false; } } } // If we already have invalid date messages, don't bother running through checkdate(). if ( ! $valid ) { return $valid; } $day_month_year_error_msg = ''; $day_exists = array_key_exists( 'day', $date_query ) && is_numeric( $date_query['day'] ); $month_exists = array_key_exists( 'month', $date_query ) && is_numeric( $date_query['month'] ); $year_exists = array_key_exists( 'year', $date_query ) && is_numeric( $date_query['year'] ); if ( $day_exists && $month_exists && $year_exists ) { // 1. Checking day, month, year combination. if ( ! wp_checkdate( $date_query['month'], $date_query['day'], $date_query['year'], sprintf( '%s-%s-%s', $date_query['year'], $date_query['month'], $date_query['day'] ) ) ) { /* translators: 1: year, 2: month, 3: day of month */ $day_month_year_error_msg = sprintf( __( 'The following values do not describe a valid date: year %1$s, month %2$s, day %3$s.' ), '' . esc_html( $date_query['year'] ) . '', '' . esc_html( $date_query['month'] ) . '', '' . esc_html( $date_query['day'] ) . '' ); $valid = false; } } elseif ( $day_exists && $month_exists ) { /* * 2. checking day, month combination * We use 2012 because, as a leap year, it's the most permissive. */ if ( ! wp_checkdate( $date_query['month'], $date_query['day'], 2012, sprintf( '2012-%s-%s', $date_query['month'], $date_query['day'] ) ) ) { /* translators: 1: month, 2: day of month */ $day_month_year_error_msg = sprintf( __( 'The following values do not describe a valid date: month %1$s, day %2$s.' ), '' . esc_html( $date_query['month'] ) . '', '' . esc_html( $date_query['day'] ) . '' ); $valid = false; } } if ( ! empty( $day_month_year_error_msg ) ) { _doing_it_wrong( __CLASS__, $day_month_year_error_msg, '4.1.0' ); } return $valid; } /** * Validates a column name parameter. * * Column names without a table prefix (like 'post_date') are checked against a whitelist of * known tables, and then, if found, have a table prefix (such as 'wp_posts.') prepended. * Prefixed column names (such as 'wp_posts.post_date') bypass this whitelist check, * and are only sanitized to remove illegal characters. * * @since 3.7.0 * * @param string $column The user-supplied column name. * @return string A validated column name value. */ public function validate_column( $column ) { global $wpdb; $valid_columns = array( 'post_date', 'post_date_gmt', 'post_modified', 'post_modified_gmt', 'comment_date', 'comment_date_gmt', 'user_registered', 'registered', 'last_updated', ); // Attempt to detect a table prefix. if ( false === strpos( $column, '.' ) ) { /** * Filters the list of valid date query columns. * * @since 3.7.0 * @since 4.1.0 Added 'user_registered' to the default recognized columns. * * @param array $valid_columns An array of valid date query columns. Defaults * are 'post_date', 'post_date_gmt', 'post_modified', * 'post_modified_gmt', 'comment_date', 'comment_date_gmt', * 'user_registered' */ if ( ! in_array( $column, apply_filters( 'date_query_valid_columns', $valid_columns ) ) ) { $column = 'post_date'; } $known_columns = array( $wpdb->posts => array( 'post_date', 'post_date_gmt', 'post_modified', 'post_modified_gmt', ), $wpdb->comments => array( 'comment_date', 'comment_date_gmt', ), $wpdb->users => array( 'user_registered', ), $wpdb->blogs => array( 'registered', 'last_updated', ), ); // If it's a known column name, add the appropriate table prefix. foreach ( $known_columns as $table_name => $table_columns ) { if ( in_array( $column, $table_columns ) ) { $column = $table_name . '.' . $column; break; } } } // Remove unsafe characters. return preg_replace( '/[^a-zA-Z0-9_$\.]/', '', $column ); } /** * Generate WHERE clause to be appended to a main query. * * @since 3.7.0 * * @return string MySQL WHERE clause. */ public function get_sql() { $sql = $this->get_sql_clauses(); $where = $sql['where']; /** * Filters the date query WHERE clause. * * @since 3.7.0 * * @param string $where WHERE clause of the date query. * @param WP_Date_Query $this The WP_Date_Query instance. */ return apply_filters( 'get_date_sql', $where, $this ); } /** * Generate SQL clauses to be appended to a main query. * * Called by the public WP_Date_Query::get_sql(), this method is abstracted * out to maintain parity with the other Query classes. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @return array { * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to the main query. * * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. * } */ protected function get_sql_clauses() { $sql = $this->get_sql_for_query( $this->queries ); if ( ! empty( $sql['where'] ) ) { $sql['where'] = ' AND ' . $sql['where']; } return $sql; } /** * Generate SQL clauses for a single query array. * * If nested subqueries are found, this method recurses the tree to * produce the properly nested SQL. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param array $query Query to parse. * @param int $depth Optional. Number of tree levels deep we currently are. * Used to calculate indentation. Default 0. * @return array { * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to a single query array. * * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. * } */ protected function get_sql_for_query( $query, $depth = 0 ) { $sql_chunks = array( 'join' => array(), 'where' => array(), ); $sql = array( 'join' => '', 'where' => '', ); $indent = ''; for ( $i = 0; $i < $depth; $i++ ) { $indent .= " "; } foreach ( $query as $key => $clause ) { if ( 'relation' === $key ) { $relation = $query['relation']; } elseif ( is_array( $clause ) ) { // This is a first-order clause. if ( $this->is_first_order_clause( $clause ) ) { $clause_sql = $this->get_sql_for_clause( $clause, $query ); $where_count = count( $clause_sql['where'] ); if ( ! $where_count ) { $sql_chunks['where'][] = ''; } elseif ( 1 === $where_count ) { $sql_chunks['where'][] = $clause_sql['where'][0]; } else { $sql_chunks['where'][] = '( ' . implode( ' AND ', $clause_sql['where'] ) . ' )'; } $sql_chunks['join'] = array_merge( $sql_chunks['join'], $clause_sql['join'] ); // This is a subquery, so we recurse. } else { $clause_sql = $this->get_sql_for_query( $clause, $depth + 1 ); $sql_chunks['where'][] = $clause_sql['where']; $sql_chunks['join'][] = $clause_sql['join']; } } } // Filter to remove empties. $sql_chunks['join'] = array_filter( $sql_chunks['join'] ); $sql_chunks['where'] = array_filter( $sql_chunks['where'] ); if ( empty( $relation ) ) { $relation = 'AND'; } // Filter duplicate JOIN clauses and combine into a single string. if ( ! empty( $sql_chunks['join'] ) ) { $sql['join'] = implode( ' ', array_unique( $sql_chunks['join'] ) ); } // Generate a single WHERE clause with proper brackets and indentation. if ( ! empty( $sql_chunks['where'] ) ) { $sql['where'] = '( ' . "\n " . $indent . implode( ' ' . "\n " . $indent . $relation . ' ' . "\n " . $indent, $sql_chunks['where'] ) . "\n" . $indent . ')'; } return $sql; } /** * Turns a single date clause into pieces for a WHERE clause. * * A wrapper for get_sql_for_clause(), included here for backward * compatibility while retaining the naming convention across Query classes. * * @since 3.7.0 * * @param array $query Date query arguments. * @return array { * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to the main query. * * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. * } */ protected function get_sql_for_subquery( $query ) { return $this->get_sql_for_clause( $query, '' ); } /** * Turns a first-order date query into SQL for a WHERE clause. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param array $query Date query clause. * @param array $parent_query Parent query of the current date query. * @return array { * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to the main query. * * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. * } */ protected function get_sql_for_clause( $query, $parent_query ) { global $wpdb; // The sub-parts of a $where part. $where_parts = array(); $column = ( ! empty( $query['column'] ) ) ? esc_sql( $query['column'] ) : $this->column; $column = $this->validate_column( $column ); $compare = $this->get_compare( $query ); $inclusive = ! empty( $query['inclusive'] ); // Assign greater- and less-than values. $lt = '<'; $gt = '>'; if ( $inclusive ) { $lt .= '='; $gt .= '='; } // Range queries. if ( ! empty( $query['after'] ) ) { $where_parts[] = $wpdb->prepare( "$column $gt %s", $this->build_mysql_datetime( $query['after'], ! $inclusive ) ); } if ( ! empty( $query['before'] ) ) { $where_parts[] = $wpdb->prepare( "$column $lt %s", $this->build_mysql_datetime( $query['before'], $inclusive ) ); } // Specific value queries. if ( isset( $query['year'] ) && $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $query['year'] ) ) $where_parts[] = "YEAR( $column ) $compare $value"; if ( isset( $query['month'] ) && $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $query['month'] ) ) { $where_parts[] = "MONTH( $column ) $compare $value"; } elseif ( isset( $query['monthnum'] ) && $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $query['monthnum'] ) ) { $where_parts[] = "MONTH( $column ) $compare $value"; } if ( isset( $query['week'] ) && false !== ( $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $query['week'] ) ) ) { $where_parts[] = _wp_mysql_week( $column ) . " $compare $value"; } elseif ( isset( $query['w'] ) && false !== ( $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $query['w'] ) ) ) { $where_parts[] = _wp_mysql_week( $column ) . " $compare $value"; } if ( isset( $query['dayofyear'] ) && $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $query['dayofyear'] ) ) $where_parts[] = "DAYOFYEAR( $column ) $compare $value"; if ( isset( $query['day'] ) && $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $query['day'] ) ) $where_parts[] = "DAYOFMONTH( $column ) $compare $value"; if ( isset( $query['dayofweek'] ) && $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $query['dayofweek'] ) ) $where_parts[] = "DAYOFWEEK( $column ) $compare $value"; if ( isset( $query['dayofweek_iso'] ) && $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $query['dayofweek_iso'] ) ) $where_parts[] = "WEEKDAY( $column ) + 1 $compare $value"; if ( isset( $query['hour'] ) || isset( $query['minute'] ) || isset( $query['second'] ) ) { // Avoid notices. foreach ( array( 'hour', 'minute', 'second' ) as $unit ) { if ( ! isset( $query[ $unit ] ) ) { $query[ $unit ] = null; } } if ( $time_query = $this->build_time_query( $column, $compare, $query['hour'], $query['minute'], $query['second'] ) ) { $where_parts[] = $time_query; } } /* * Return an array of 'join' and 'where' for compatibility * with other query classes. */ return array( 'where' => $where_parts, 'join' => array(), ); } /** * Builds and validates a value string based on the comparison operator. * * @since 3.7.0 * * @param string $compare The compare operator to use * @param string|array $value The value * @return string|false|int The value to be used in SQL or false on error. */ public function build_value( $compare, $value ) { if ( ! isset( $value ) ) return false; switch ( $compare ) { case 'IN': case 'NOT IN': $value = (array) $value; // Remove non-numeric values. $value = array_filter( $value, 'is_numeric' ); if ( empty( $value ) ) { return false; } return '(' . implode( ',', array_map( 'intval', $value ) ) . ')'; case 'BETWEEN': case 'NOT BETWEEN': if ( ! is_array( $value ) || 2 != count( $value ) ) { $value = array( $value, $value ); } else { $value = array_values( $value ); } // If either value is non-numeric, bail. foreach ( $value as $v ) { if ( ! is_numeric( $v ) ) { return false; } } $value = array_map( 'intval', $value ); return $value[0] . ' AND ' . $value[1]; default: if ( ! is_numeric( $value ) ) { return false; } return (int) $value; } } /** * Builds a MySQL format date/time based on some query parameters. * * You can pass an array of values (year, month, etc.) with missing parameter values being defaulted to * either the maximum or minimum values (controlled by the $default_to parameter). Alternatively you can * pass a string that will be run through strtotime(). * * @since 3.7.0 * * @param string|array $datetime An array of parameters or a strotime() string * @param bool $default_to_max Whether to round up incomplete dates. Supported by values * of $datetime that are arrays, or string values that are a * subset of MySQL date format ('Y', 'Y-m', 'Y-m-d', 'Y-m-d H:i'). * Default: false. * @return string|false A MySQL format date/time or false on failure */ public function build_mysql_datetime( $datetime, $default_to_max = false ) { $now = current_time( 'timestamp' ); if ( ! is_array( $datetime ) ) { /* * Try to parse some common date formats, so we can detect * the level of precision and support the 'inclusive' parameter. */ if ( preg_match( '/^(\d{4})$/', $datetime, $matches ) ) { // Y $datetime = array( 'year' => intval( $matches[1] ), ); } elseif ( preg_match( '/^(\d{4})\-(\d{2})$/', $datetime, $matches ) ) { // Y-m $datetime = array( 'year' => intval( $matches[1] ), 'month' => intval( $matches[2] ), ); } elseif ( preg_match( '/^(\d{4})\-(\d{2})\-(\d{2})$/', $datetime, $matches ) ) { // Y-m-d $datetime = array( 'year' => intval( $matches[1] ), 'month' => intval( $matches[2] ), 'day' => intval( $matches[3] ), ); } elseif ( preg_match( '/^(\d{4})\-(\d{2})\-(\d{2}) (\d{2}):(\d{2})$/', $datetime, $matches ) ) { // Y-m-d H:i $datetime = array( 'year' => intval( $matches[1] ), 'month' => intval( $matches[2] ), 'day' => intval( $matches[3] ), 'hour' => intval( $matches[4] ), 'minute' => intval( $matches[5] ), ); } // If no match is found, we don't support default_to_max. if ( ! is_array( $datetime ) ) { // @todo Timezone issues here possibly return gmdate( 'Y-m-d H:i:s', strtotime( $datetime, $now ) ); } } $datetime = array_map( 'absint', $datetime ); if ( ! isset( $datetime['year'] ) ) $datetime['year'] = gmdate( 'Y', $now ); if ( ! isset( $datetime['month'] ) ) $datetime['month'] = ( $default_to_max ) ? 12 : 1; if ( ! isset( $datetime['day'] ) ) $datetime['day'] = ( $default_to_max ) ? (int) date( 't', mktime( 0, 0, 0, $datetime['month'], 1, $datetime['year'] ) ) : 1; if ( ! isset( $datetime['hour'] ) ) $datetime['hour'] = ( $default_to_max ) ? 23 : 0; if ( ! isset( $datetime['minute'] ) ) $datetime['minute'] = ( $default_to_max ) ? 59 : 0; if ( ! isset( $datetime['second'] ) ) $datetime['second'] = ( $default_to_max ) ? 59 : 0; return sprintf( '%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d', $datetime['year'], $datetime['month'], $datetime['day'], $datetime['hour'], $datetime['minute'], $datetime['second'] ); } /** * Builds a query string for comparing time values (hour, minute, second). * * If just hour, minute, or second is set than a normal comparison will be done. * However if multiple values are passed, a pseudo-decimal time will be created * in order to be able to accurately compare against. * * @since 3.7.0 * * @param string $column The column to query against. Needs to be pre-validated! * @param string $compare The comparison operator. Needs to be pre-validated! * @param int|null $hour Optional. An hour value (0-23). * @param int|null $minute Optional. A minute value (0-59). * @param int|null $second Optional. A second value (0-59). * @return string|false A query part or false on failure. */ public function build_time_query( $column, $compare, $hour = null, $minute = null, $second = null ) { global $wpdb; // Have to have at least one if ( ! isset( $hour ) && ! isset( $minute ) && ! isset( $second ) ) return false; // Complex combined queries aren't supported for multi-value queries if ( in_array( $compare, array( 'IN', 'NOT IN', 'BETWEEN', 'NOT BETWEEN' ) ) ) { $return = array(); if ( isset( $hour ) && false !== ( $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $hour ) ) ) $return[] = "HOUR( $column ) $compare $value"; if ( isset( $minute ) && false !== ( $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $minute ) ) ) $return[] = "MINUTE( $column ) $compare $value"; if ( isset( $second ) && false !== ( $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $second ) ) ) $return[] = "SECOND( $column ) $compare $value"; return implode( ' AND ', $return ); } // Cases where just one unit is set if ( isset( $hour ) && ! isset( $minute ) && ! isset( $second ) && false !== ( $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $hour ) ) ) { return "HOUR( $column ) $compare $value"; } elseif ( ! isset( $hour ) && isset( $minute ) && ! isset( $second ) && false !== ( $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $minute ) ) ) { return "MINUTE( $column ) $compare $value"; } elseif ( ! isset( $hour ) && ! isset( $minute ) && isset( $second ) && false !== ( $value = $this->build_value( $compare, $second ) ) ) { return "SECOND( $column ) $compare $value"; } // Single units were already handled. Since hour & second isn't allowed, minute must to be set. if ( ! isset( $minute ) ) return false; $format = $time = ''; // Hour if ( null !== $hour ) { $format .= '%H.'; $time .= sprintf( '%02d', $hour ) . '.'; } else { $format .= '0.'; $time .= '0.'; } // Minute $format .= '%i'; $time .= sprintf( '%02d', $minute ); if ( isset( $second ) ) { $format .= '%s'; $time .= sprintf( '%02d', $second ); } return $wpdb->prepare( "DATE_FORMAT( $column, %s ) $compare %f", $format, $time ); } }
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2025-01-15

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Al inhibir selectivamente a los Streptococcus pyogenes se utiliza de forma similar a la optoquina para el diagnóstico de en el laboratorio. La optoquina (etilhidrocupreina), derivado de la quinina se propuso para el tratamiento de neumonías. Ha quedado reducido su uso al diagnóstico de laboratorio por la alta toxicidad en el hombre. Los aislados de Streptococcus sensibles a la optoquina depositada en un disco de papel cargado con 5 microgramos corresponderán a Streptococcus pneumoniae. La novobiocina es un curioso y viejo antibiótico natural (obtenido en 1956) al que se reconocen varios tipos de mecanismos de acción, que al haberse aislado de varias fuentes ha recibido varios nombres. Un disco de papel con una carga de 5 microgramos permite diferenciar Staphylococcus saprophiticus que es resistente, de Staphylococcus epidermidis.

También se señalan indicaciones de pacientes bajo tratamiento ortodóncico, fijaciones intermaxilares, prótesis y en basic en los paciente geriátricos (Heyden, 1971). La eficacia de la anfotericina B y la clorhexidina fue comparable, lo que habla en favor del efecto antifúngico en la cavidad oral de la clorhexidina y coincide con los trabajos de Budtz-Jórgensen y Lóe 1972 y Olsen y Lókken 1974). Olsen (1975) sugiere para el tratamiento de la estomatitis por dentaduras el uso diario de anfotericina B durante catorce días y sumergir la prótesis en clorhexidina al zero,2% en la noche, durante cinco meses. Esto disminuye significativamente el número de microorganismos tanto en la muchos como en la prótesis.

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Los antibióticos que llevan vancomicina, colistina, nistatina y a veces trimetoprim, evita el crecimiento de la mayoría de microorganismos presentes en muestras uretrales, faringe o rectales salvo Neisserias. Los microorganismos gramnegativos que crecen en velo (fenómeno de Swarning) dificultando el diagnóstico, corresponden en clínica a Proteus y Pseudomonas sobre todo. La resistencia a colistina de los primeros y la sensibilidad de los segundos facilita la diferenciación. Baste señalar la denominación con su nombre de una de las calles más importantes de Madrid y su busto de bronce de la plaza de las Ventas. Un científico español, cuyo nombre desconocemos, medió con el Servicio de Inteligencia inglés, entregando en 1942 al científico francés Pénau que se encontraba en Madrid, un ejemplar de la revista Bristish Medical Journal impregnado de Penicillium para que los franceses pudieran producir penicilina, aunque no lograron un rendimiento satisfactorio. En 1946 hace una estancia con una beca del ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores en el equipo de Oxford, con Florey y Chain.

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El alcohol bencílico es un líquido incoloro que tiene baja toxicidad y baja presión de vapor. El agua estéril para inyección es una dosis única de agua estéril que no contiene tampones antimicrobianos, bacteriostáticos ni suplementarios. El recipiente se puede volver a insertar varias veces (la mayoría de las veces con una aguja estéril) y el alcohol bencílico inhibe o detiene el crecimiento de la mayoría de las bacterias potencialmente contaminantes.

Así, el resultado es una inhibición sostenida de estas vías promotoras del crecimiento en los tumores de mama con amplificación o sobreexpresión de HER2 o con mutaciones de HER2, con lo que scale back la progresión tumoral. In vivo, neratinib mostró actividad anticancerígena en tumores positivos para HER2 en xenoinjertos en ratones. Dado su mecanismo de acción, el fármaco puede continuar siendo activo incluso cuando han aparecido resistencias a trastuzumab (EPAR, 2018).Además, cabe resaltar que durante los ensayos clínicos se observó una mejor respuesta en pacientes con neoplasias RE+. Aunque el mecanismo exacto por el que ocurre esto no se conoce, podría explicarse porque en los casos en que coexiste una sobreexpresión de HER2 y receptores hormonales se produce una desensibilización de estos últimos que lleva a la ausencia de respuesta al tratamiento antiestrogénico. De esta manera, el bloqueo de la actividad de HER2 impide la interacción con el receptor hormonal, que se re-sensibiliza como mecanismo de supervivencia tumoral y puede volver a responder al tratamiento con tamoxifeno o un inhibidor de la aromatasa (AEMPS, 2022).

En el asma leve, en combinación con formoterol o, en caso de no tener esa posibilidad, al mismo tiempo que se utiliza el broncodilatador de rescate. Por el contrario, en el asma grave (escalón 6 de tratamiento) la utilización de corticoides sistémicos ha sido relegada a un segundo plano frente a la opción de utilizar tratamientos biológicos (figura 2). (2004) comparan la acción antiplaca y antigingivitis de un colutorio de clorhexidina al 0,12% (Peridex) frente a un colutorio de aceites esenciales (Listerine) en un estudio con 108 pacientes divididos en tres grupos, dos test y un management negativo (placebo) sin alterar el management mecánico de placa. Evalúan a 3 y 6 meses y encuentran que a los 6 meses hubo una reducción significativa del índice gingival que fue del 14% para Listerine y del 18.2% para clorhexidina. También hubo una reducción significativa del índice de placa del 18.8% para Listerine y del 21.6% para la clorhexidina. El grupo clorhexidina presentó significativamente más cálculo y más tinciones extrínsecas que el Listerine por lo que concluyen sería razonable utilizar aceites esenciales en el manejo de pacientes peridodontales.

Cuando trató la tirotricina con acetona éter obtuvo una parte soluble en acetona e insoluble en agua con las características biológicas de la primera gramicidina que además la logró cristalizada (purificada). La otra parte era insoluble en acetona pero también la obtuvo cristalizada al tratarla con alcohol y CLH. Por tanto obtuvo dos antibióticos los purificó, identificó químicamente como polipéptidos de peso molecular 1413 y 2534 respectivamente y logró su cristalización. En poco más de un año (1941) publicarían sus resultados, adelantándose varios años a la cristalización de la penicilina. La administración intravenosa de alcohol bencílico conservante se ha asociado con reacciones adversas graves en pacientes pediátricos, incluidos los recién nacidos caracterizados por depresión del sistema nervioso central, acidosis metabólica, dificultad para respirar, insuficiencia cardiovascular.

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